Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 258 Simmons, Nancy B.; Conway, Tenley M.
The Bulletin, published continuously since 1881, consists of longer monographic volumes in the field of natural sciences relating to zoology, paleontology, and geology. Current numbers are published at irregular intervals. The Bulletin was originally a place to publish short papers, while longer works appeared in the Memoirs. However, in the 1920s, the Memoirs ceased and the Bulletin series began publishing longer papers. A new series, the Novitates , published short papers describing new forms.
Mormoopidae is a small family of Neotropical microchiropteran bats that includes two genera (Mormoops and Pteronotus) and ten species, two of which are known only from fossils. Mormoopidae is typically classified as a member of Noctilionoidea, a group that minimally includes two other Neotropical families (Phyllostomidae and Noctilionidae) and may also include Mystacinidae, a taxon endemic to New Zealand and Australia. Phylogenetic relationships of extant mormoopid species and one extinct taxon, Pteronotus pristinus, were investigated in a series of parsimony analyses of 209 morphological characters including features of the skull, dentition, vomeronasal organ complex and brain, trachea and hyoid apparatus, tongue, face, ears, pelage, patagia, postcranial skeleton, postcranial myology, reproductive tract, and digestive tract. Three extant phyllostomid species, two noctilionids, two mystacinids, and one emballonurid species were included as outgroups to test monophyly of Mormoopidae and to provide a context for determining the sister group of the family. Results of parsimony analyses under a variety of different assumption sets indicate that Mormoopidae is monophyletic, and that Pteronotus and Mormoops are monophyletic sister taxa. Within the genus Pteronotus, several clades were repeatedly recovered: (1) P. davyi + P. gymnonotus (= subgenus Pteronotus); (2) P. macleayi + P. quadridens; (3) P. personatus + P. macleayi + P. quadridens (= subgenus Chilonycteris); (4) P. parnellii + P. pristinus + P. personatus + P. macleayi + P. quadridens; and (5) P. parnellii + P. pristinus (= subgenus Phyllodia). These results support monophyly of all subgenera of Pteronotus previously recognized, and additionally indicate that the subgenera Pteronotus and Chilonycteris are sister taxa. Comprehensive diagnoses for each species and clade of Mormoopidae are provided based on character optimizations and ancillary morphometric data from the literature. Results of our parsimony analyses also have implications for understanding higher-level phylogeny of noctilionoid bats. Monophyly of each of the traditionally recognized families (i.e., Noctilionidae, Mystacinidae, Mormoopidae, and Phyllostomidae) was strongly supported. In congruence with recent analyses of mitochondrial gene-sequence data and DNA hybridization experiments, we found strong support for inclusion of Mystacinidae in Noctilionoidea. Using an emballonurid species to root the tree, we found the following interfamilial relationships of noctilionoids: (Noctilionidae (Mystacinidae (Phyllostomidae, Mormoopidae))). Lists of morphological synapomorphies of each of these groups are provided based on character optimizations"--P. 3.
The Bulletin, published continuously since 1881, consists of longer monographic volumes in the field of natural sciences relating to zoology, paleontology, and geology. Current numbers are published at irregular intervals. The Bulletin was originally a place to publish short papers, while longer works appeared in the Memoirs. However, in the 1920s, the Memoirs ceased and the Bulletin series began publishing longer papers. A new series, the Novitates , published short papers describing new forms.
Phylogeny of phyllostomid bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) : data from diverse morphological systems, sex chromosomes, and restriction sites. Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 248 Wetterer, Andrea L.; Rockman, Matthew V.; Simmons, Nancy B. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1595 Date: 2000 Abstract: "Phyllostomidae is a large (> 140 species), diverse clade of Neotropical bats. Different species in this family feed on blood, insects, vertebrates, nectar, pollen, and fruits. We investigated phylogenetic relationships among all genera of phyllostomid bats and tested monophyly of several genera (e.g., Micronycteris, Mimon, Artibeus, Vampyressa) using 150 morphological, karyological, and molecular characters. Results of parsimony analyses of these combined data indicate that all traditionally recognized phyllostomid subfamilies are monophyletic and that most taxa that share feeding specializations form clades. These results largely agree with studies that have used a taxonomic congruence approach to evaluate karyological, immunological, and limited sets of morphological characters, although our finding that Phyllostominae is monophyletic is novel. Our results indicate that several genera (Micronycteris, Artibeus, Vampyressa) are not monophyletic. We propose a new classification for Phyllostomidae that better reflects hypothesized evolutionary relationships. Important features of this new classification include: (1) formal recognition of two clades that group nectarivorous and frugivorous subfamilies, respectively, (2) redefinition of Glossophaginae and recognition of two tribal-level taxa within that subfamily, (3) recognition of several tribal-level taxa in Phyllostominae, (4) formal recognition of two clades that have been colloquially referred to as 'short-faced' and 'long-faced' stenodermatines, (5) elevation of the subgenera of Micronycteris to generic rank, (6) recognition of Mesophylla as a junior synonym of Ectophylla, (7) recognition of Enchisthenes as a distinct genus, and (8) retention of Dermanura and Koopmania as subgenera of Artibeus. Although Vampyressa is not monophyletic in our tree, we recommend no nomenclatural change because we did not include all Vampyressa species in our study. Comparisons of character and taxonomic congruence approaches indicate that character congruence provides improved resolution of relationships among phyllostomids. Many data sets are informative only at limited hierarchical levels or in certain portions of the phyllostomid tree. Although both chromosomal and immunological data provide additional support for several clades that we identified, these data sets are incongruent with many aspects of our phylogenetic results. These conflicts may be due to methodological constraints associated with the use of karyological and immunological data (e.g., problems with assessing homologies and distinguishing primitive from derived traits). Among other observations, we find that Macrotus waterhousii, which has been thought to have the primitive karyotype for the family, nests well within the phyllostomine clade. This suggests that results of previous analyses of chromosomal data may need to be reevaluated. Mapping characters and behaviors on our phylogenetic tree provides a context for evaluating hypotheses of evolution in Phyllostomidae. Although previous studies of uterine evolution in phyllostomids and other mammals have generally supported the unidirectional progressive fusion hypothesis, our results indicate that intermediate stages of external uterine fusion are often derived relative to the fully simplex condition, and that reversals also occur with respect to internal uterine fusion. Uterine fusion therefore appears to be neither completely unidirectional nor progressive in Phyllostomidae. Evolution of the vibrissae and noseleaf is similarly complex and homoplasy is common in these structures; however, many transformations in these systems diagnose clades of phyllostomids. Within Phyllostomidae, there is considerable derived reduction in numbers of vibrissae present in various vibrissal clusters. The phyllostomid noseleaf seems to have become a much more elaborate and complex structure over evolutionary time. Primitively within the family, the spear was short, the internarial region was flat, and the horseshoe was undifferentiated from the upper lip. Subsequently, within the various subfamilies, the spear became more elongate, the central rib and other internarial structures evolved, and the labial horseshoe became flaplike or cupped in some taxa. Dietary evolution in phyllostomids appears somewhat more complex than previously thought. We find that most of the major dietary guilds (e.g., frugivory, sanguivory) are represented by a single large clade within Phyllostomidae, indicating that each feeding specialization evolved once. However, reversals do occur (e.g., loss of nectar- and pollen-feeding in many phyllostomines and stenodermatines), and some specializations may have evolved more than once (e.g., carnivory)"--P. 4.
The Bulletin, published continuously since 1881, consists of longer monographic volumes in the field of natural sciences relating to zoology, paleontology, and geology. Current numbers are published at irregular intervals. The Bulletin was originally a place to publish short papers, while longer works appeared in the Memoirs. However, in the 1920s, the Memoirs ceased and the Bulletin series began publishing longer papers. A new series, the Novitates , published short papers describing new forms.
(Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 353) 2011. 140 pp. Tejedor, Adrian. For much of the last third of the 20th century, the diversity of funnel-eared bats (family Natalidae) was underestimated. Although as many as four genera and 11 species were recognized by the mid 20th century, by the 1980s the family was traditionally listed as comprising a single genus of four or five species. In the past decade, the taxonomy of Natalidae has been updated by the discovery of new extant and fossil taxa, the rediscovery of taxa thought to be extinct, and the revalidation of old synonyms at the genus and species levels on the basis of new morphological and molecular evidence. Here, I provide a complete taxonomic revision of Natalidae based on the examination of all taxa described thus far within the family. Thirteen species are recognized here, including an extinct form. New diagnoses, descriptions, and illustrations are provided for each species, including summaries of published information on their natural history, discussions of their conservation status, and an illustrated identification key. The Natalidae appears to be an adaptively diverse clade of bats with distinct ecomorphs in terms of food acquisition, food processing, and mating systems.
Two new bats, Eptesicus and Mops, from Angola. American Museum novitates ; no. 916 Hill, John Eric, 1907-; Lang, Herbert, 1879-1957.; Bradley, Lee S.; Vernay Angola Expedition (1925); Phipps-Bradley Expedition (1932-1933). 1937
A revision of the genus Emballonura (Chiroptera). American Museum novitates ; no. 1035 Tate, G. H. H. (George Henry Hamilton), 1894-1953.; Archbold, Richard.; Archbold Expedition to New Guinea (1933-1934); Archbold Expedition to New Guinea (1936-1937); Whitney South Sea Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History (1920-1941) 1939.
A new bat of the Rhinolophus philippinensis group from Mount Ruwenzori, Africa. American Museum novitates ; no. 1180 Hill, John Eric, 1907-; Ruwenzori-Kivu Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History (1926-1927). 1942.
Geographical distribution of the bats in the Australasian Archipelago. American Museum novitates ; no. 1323 Tate, G. H. H. (George Henry Hamilton), 1894-1953. 1946.
Mammals from Guatemala : with the description of a new little brown bat. American Museum novitates ; no. 1744 Goodwin, George Gilbert.; Larson, Tom. 1955.
The identity of bats (genus Myotis) collected in Arizona by Miller, Price, and Condit in 1894. American Museum novitates ; no. 2140 Koopman, Karl F.; Miller, Gerrit S. (Gerrit Smith), 1869-1956.; Price, William W.; Condit, B. C.; Price Expedition to Arizona (1894). 1963
A systematic revision of Macrotus (Chiroptera). American Museum novitates ; no. 2212 Anderson, Sydney, 1927-; Nelson, Craig E. (Craig Eugene), 1940- "Among 810 specimens of bats of the genus Macrotus (Phyllostomatidae) that were studied are specimens representing populations both geographically and morphologically intermediate between the three nominal species recognized in recent years. Specimens from Sinaloa are intergrades between Macrotus californicus and Macrotus mexicanus, and specimens from Cuba are intergrades between M. mexicanus and M. waterhousii. Therefore, we conclude that a single species, Macrotus waterhousii, having seven subspecies, ranges from California south to Guatemala on the mainland and occurs on most West Indian islands east to Hispaniola. Secondary sexual dimorphism was not detected. Only adults were used in geographic comparisons. Individual variation is described. Various degrees of intraspecific differences are described, and the relevance of the subspecies concept is discussed. Synonymies, ranges, types, detailed comments, and lists of specimens are included in the Accounts of subspecies" 1965
Bats of Bolivia : an annotated checklist. American Museum novitates ; no. 2750 Anderson, Sydney, 1927-; Koopman, Karl F.; Creighton, G. Ken. Abstract: "A list of 79 species of bats known by Bolivian specimens is annotated with references to the literature (for species previously reported) or with specimens forming the basis for listing (in the case of 18 species reported for the first time here). A gazetteer of localities, lists of specimens and tables of measurements for a number of species that were previously unknown or poorly known from Bolivia are included". 1982
Bats of the Virgin Islands in relation to those of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. American Museum novitates ; no. 2581 Koopman, Karl F. Abstract: "The bats of the Virgin Islands (including Vieques and Culebra) are discussed in relation to distribution, feeding, and roosting habits. The bat fauna of these islands is compared with those of the northern Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico and it is concluded that the Virgin Island bat fauna is a depauperate derivative of that of Puerto Rico. Of the eight passages of bat species here discussed between the Greater and Lesser Antilles, four probably went from west to east, three from east to west, and one is indeterminate" 1975.
New material of Vespertiliavus Schlosser (Mammalia, Chiroptera) and suggested relationships of emballonurid bats based on cranial morphology. Barghoorn, Steven F. American Museum novitates ; no. 2618 "Two previously undescribed skulls of Vespertiliavus Schlosser have occasioned close examination of emballonurid and other chiropteran cranial morphology in order to assess its usefulness for elucidating phylogenetic relationships within the Emballonuridae. A Ludian to Sannoisian age for the fossils, from the Quercy Phosphorites of France, suggests that many features of the basicranium and ear region, seen also in closely related genera, are ancient and have changed little in the course of later Tertiary evolution. The distribution of skull characters leads to a somewhat tentative hypothesis of relationships, allying the fossil genus more closely to some living emballonurids than to others. Skull characters can be used to relate these and other chiropterans, but with difficulty" 1977.
Bat records from Upper Volta, West Africa. American Museum novitates ; no. 2643 Koopman, Karl F.; Mumford, Russell E.; Heisterberg, Jon F. "The bats of Upper Volta are reviewed, based chiefly on previously unreported material. For the 27 species recognized, locality, habitat, and reproductive data are given. Taxonomic notes are added where necessary, and the distributional patterns in Upper Volta are considered in relation to the vegetation belts in West Africa. All but two species occur in the Sudan savanna, but nearly half of these also occur in the Guinea savanna, to which the two additonal species appear to be confined. Several species reach the Sahel savanna. Whereas 12 species are recorded from Upper Volta for the first time, only two represent significant range extensions: Pipistrellus deserti south from Algeria and Tadarida demonstrator west from Sudan. A gazetteer of bat collecting localities in Upper Volta is included"- 1978.
Zoogeography of Peruvian bats, with special emphasis on the role of the Andes. American Museum novitates ; no. 2651 Koopman, Karl F. "The known distribution of each of 122 species of bats from Peru is summarized. The Andean mountain chain affects these distributions both as a barrier and as a creator of habitat differentiation. Three main distributional areas are distinguished, the humid Amazonian lowlands (below 1000 m.), the highlands within the Amazonian drainage (above 1000 m.), and the chiefly arid Pacific slopes. Some complications occur in northwestern Peru, where the Pacific slopes (particularly the higher portions) are not arid, there are a few relatively low passes across the Andes, and the upper portions of certain Amazonian tributaries are arid. Instances of ecological (including altitudinal) replacement and specific or subspecific representation between the major ecological zones are discussed" 1978.
Systematics of the New World nectar-feeding bats (Mammalia, Phyllostomidae), based on the morphology of the hyoid and lingual regions. American Museum novitates ; no. 2742 Griffiths, Thomas Alan. "Dissection and histological examination of the hyoid and lingual regions of the New World nectar-feeding bats reveal marked modification of the tongue-retractor musculature (Mm. sternohyoideus, geniohyoideus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and genioglossus) and modification of the internal and external tongue structure from the conditions found in non-nectar-feeding bats. Use of these derived characters in a cladistic analysis leads to the phylogenetic hypothesis that nectivory evolved twice independently in the family Phyllostomidae. One group of nectar-feding phyllostomids, comprising the genera Lonchophylla, Lionycteris, and Platalina (traditionally considered glossophagines) deserves separate subfamilial status based on the markedly different adaptations for nectivory observed. The other group, comprising the remaining 10 glossophagine genera (Glossophaginae, sensu stricto), plus Phyllonycteris, Erophylla, and perhaps Brachyphylla form a monophyletic group. Within the newly restricted subfamily Glossophaginae there are two major clades. One clade is composed of Glossophaga, Monophyllus, and surprisingly, Lichonycteris. The other is composed of the more derived nectar-feeding genera: Leptonycteris, Anoura, Hylonycteris, Choeroniscus, Choeronycteris, and probably, Scleronycteris and Musonycteris. Interestingly, both karyotypic evidence, and evidence from dental and basicranial studies, can be interpreted to support the phylogeny presented here"--P. 1982.
Bats from eastern Papua and the East Papuan islands. American Museum novitates ; no. 2747 "The bat fauna of eastern Papua, including Central, Northern, and Milne Bay provinces on the mainland and the Louisiade, D'Entrecasteaux, and Trobriand archipelagos, is reviewed. Five families, 23 genera, and 45 species are known from the area. Forty species are known from the mainland or continental islands and 23 from from one or another island (or islands) of the three archipelagos. Only six species occur on the islands but not on the mainland and only two of these (Dobsonia pannietensis, Kerivoula agnella) are endemic. Most of the insular species for which precise affinities can be determined show closest relationship to mainland populations, but a few have their affinities with those of the Bismarcks or Solomons. Most of the East Papuan mainland species are apparently confined to the lowlands. The East Papuan highland bat fauna is seemingly depauperate compared with that of more extensive highland areas to the northwest. There is only one documented case of altitudinal variation within a species (Pipistrellus) and only one of altitudinal replacement among close relatives (Tadarida). A new subspecies, Rhinolophus megaphyllus vandeuseni, is described"1982.
Bats of Bolivia : an annotated checklist. American Museum novitates ; no. 2750 Anderson, Sydney, 1927-; Koopman, Karl F.; Creighton, G. Ken. "A list of 79 species of bats known by Bolivian specimens is annotated with references to the literature (for species previously reported) or with specimens forming the basis for listing (in the case of 18 species reported for the first time here). A gazetteer of localities, lists of specimens and tables of measurements for a number of species that were previously unknown or poorly known from Bolivia are included"- 1982.
Taxonomic and distributional notes on tropical Australian bats. American Museum novitates ; no. 2778 Koopman, Karl F., 1984. "The bats of tropical Australia are reviewed with some 51 species recognized, though a few are very poorly known. A new subspecies, Pipistrellus tenuis westralis is described and Rhinolophus megaphyllus ignifer is synonymized with R. m. megaphyllus. The two previously recognized subspecies of Macroderma gigas are also synonymized. A majority of tropical Australian bats are restricted to mesic areas, but a number are more or less and tolerant. Only one species (Taphozous hilli) actually avoids mesic areas. The Cape York Peninsula has the greatest number of species with a falling off in numbers to the west and south. Of the three areas adjacent to tropical Australia, New Guinea shares a large number of species, whereas temperate Australia and the Lesser Sunda Islands share relatively few. New Guinea has probably been an important source area for tropical Australian bats, particularly those confined to the Cape York Peninsula. The low level of endemism among Australian bats strongly implies that there were no bats in Australia prior to the Miocene, when Australia drifted far enough to the north to be able to receive species occurring on the extended Malay archipelago. Since then some low level endemism and adaptive radiation has developed in Australia"
A morphometric analysis of Carollia (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2791 McLellan, Laura John. "The species of bats in the genus Carollia present a complex pattern of morphological variation which complicates identification of species. I examined sexual and geographic variation in cranial and mandibular measurements of 475 specimens of Carollia selected to represent the geographic range of each species in the genus: brevicauda, castanea, perspicillata, and subrufa. All species were easily separated by canonical variates analysis, with C. castanea being the most distinctive. Sexual dimorphism is present in all species and males consistently are larger than females. Significant differences are present among populations in all species. Carollia subrufa and C. brevicauda have morphologically distinct populations in the northern and southern portions of their range, whereas different populations of C. castanea sampled show no clear geographic pattern. Character values from samples of C. perspicillata form a continuum with non-overlapping values from the northernmost and southernmost portions of their geographic range" 1984.
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